Abstract
The study aims to discuss the possibilities of standard fluoroscopy and radiography in diagnosing a hiatal hernia and its complications. Fluoroscopy and radiography were performed on 147 patients with hiatal hernias. At first, the posterior mediastinum was examined to detect fixed hiatal hernias. Then, a barium swallow test was performed. 142 (96.6 %) patients were diagnosed with sliding hiatal hernias, with 97 (68.3 %) patients having non-fixed hiatal hernias. Fixed hernias with cicatricial shortening of the esophagus were observed in 45 (31.7 %) patients. 23 (16.2 %) patients had axial hiatal hernias and concomitant esophageal cancer in 11 (7.7 %) patients or gastric cancer – in 12 (8.5 %) patients. In 103 (70 %) patients, hiatal hernias were associated with gastroesophageal reflux and esophagitis, and additionally with esophagospasm in 89 (60.5 %) patients. Patients with complications of hiatal hernias required surgery.
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