Abstract
Chronic nonbacterial (recurrent) osteomyelitis is a rare inflammatory disease of the musculoskeletal system with unknown etiology described in 1972 by A. Gidion et al. as subacute or chronic symmetrical osteomyelitis. This article reviews literature on pathogenesis and morphology of the disease and studies balance violation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and its association with osteolysis. Morphological manifestations in bone biopsies are given. We describe necrosis and thinning of trabeculae in combination with sclerosis of intertrabecular spaces and pronounced lymphohistiocytic infiltration with a large number of osteoclasts. Due to the absence of specific signs, the necessity of clinical and morphological correlations and genetic research in differential diagnosis is emphasized. Keywords: chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis, chronic recurrent osteomyelitis, autoinflammatory disease
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