Abstract
This article attempts to study the diverse responses to the political appeal of the Chinese leadership to innovation and assess the prospects for innovative and technological development in China. Thus, the contribution of this article is somewhat specific to China, but at the same time there are General ideas that are relevant for all middle-income countries, especially for Russia, where there is an urgent demand for an innovation-oriented economic transition. The paper shows that the key factors of successful innovation and technological development in China include: a phased experimental approach; purposefulness; and active state support. Specific lessons include: the rapid expansion of education and science systems; higher wages, as well as social and environmental standards; engagement in international scientific and investment cooperation; and the triple Alliance between government, industry, and science. Specific risks for realizing the innovative potential of the Chinese economy are: going beyond global norms (for example, in relation to intellectual property), implementing a "double circulation" policy with a focus on domestic demand and a localization strategy.
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