Abstract
The review focuses on non-coding elements in bird genomes. Like most living organisms, birdscarry a significant number of non-coding sequences in their genome. Technically, these sequences cannot beclassified as genes. They include DNA regions with structural functions and high level of conservatismas well as a considerable number of sequences, including repetitive fractions, whose functions are not yetknown. Apart from a general overview of tandem repeats in avian genomes, the paper provides a special focuson differences in copy number of individual repeats. Interestingly, this number directly correlates witha reduction in genome size in birds. Besides, the review provides a detailed description of how repetitivesequences are involved in structural and functional organisation of centromeric and telomeric regions witha special emphasis given to the organisation of pericentromeric and subtelomeric heterochromatin. It alsodescribes what makes these regions different from centromeric and telomeric sequences per se. The data onthe distribution of repeats in bird genomes and their specific organisation are compared with the level of theirconservatism and their role in maintaining structural and functional organisation of the genome.
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