СВОЙСТВА СТРУКТУРЫ ДИСПЕРСНО-НАПОЛНЕННЫХ МЕТАЛЛОПОЛИМЕРНЫХ КОМПОЗИТОВ

Abstract

The effect of the structure on the properties of the metal-polymer composite consisting of a polymer matrix in the form of epoxy resin (ED-20) with butadiene-styrene rubber (BSK), dispersed-filled particles of nanomedium is investigated. Within the framework of the fractal analysis, the actual diameter of the aggregates of the initial filler particles is calculated for different degrees of concentration and size of the filling particles, as well as for different compositions of a polymer matrix. At the same time, the concept of the structure of a polymer composite is used as a set of two fractals (multi-fractals), which allows one to determine the nature of the change in the plasticity of a polymer matrix and simultaneously to reveal the main factors affecting the degree of perturbation of its structure. Using the fractal analysis methods, we investigated the influence of the factors on the fractal dimension of the surface of aggregates of the initial filler particles and on the nature of its dependence on both the degree of aggregation and the fractal, the dimensionality of the aggregate frame of the particle aggregate. The proposed approach allows to predict the final parameters of aggregates of nanoparticles as a function of the size of the initial particles, their concentration and chemical properties of the surface of the polymer matrix. Using the scaling nature of the size distribution of coils of polymeric macromolecules, it is shown that when polymeric composites are filled with dispersed micro- and nanoscale particles, the aggregates of these particles form a fractal framework, that is analogous to a fractal lattice. The degree of local order of the structure determined in the early cluster model controls the most important properties of the polymer matrix and the composite, in general. As the size of the polymer and metal particles decreases, substantially all physical and chemical properties of both the original components and the resulting composite material change substantially. The adjustment of the ratio between the polymer matrix and the fillers, with the adaptation of the synthesis condition to a given characteristic value, promotes the wide use of metal-polymer composites and enables the creation of new technologies for designing materials with the required properties, including a decrease in the independence of the products obtained from them. The use of fractal dimensions to characterize the structural equations of polymers makes it possible to obtain a number of quantitative analytical relationships between them.