Abstract
Although epicardial adipose tissue and coronary artery calcification are not traditional metabolic risk factors, recent research results have reported that they are also related to decreased cardiac function, occurrence of cardiovascular diseases, and increased metabolic risks. In the case of epicardial adipose tissue, there is morphological and functional similarity to abdominal visceral fat, and an increase in epicardial fat is associated with an increase of risk of heart disease. In addition, coronary artery calcification is also caused by an imbalance in the normal calcification process and causes atherosclerosis and coronary artery stenosis. Epicardial fat and coronary artery calcification require periodic evaluation in people at risk through coronary artery computed tomography and traditional management methods such as smoking cessation, exercise, weight loss, and use of statins, as well as vitamin D and vitamin K to prevent calcification, are used to reduce risk. It may be an additional consideration for those who have the risks.
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