Современное природопользование в Национальном парке «Тункинский»

Abstract

Since the formation of Tunkinsky National Park in 1991, the territory of which completely coincides with the boundaries of the Tunkinsky district of the Republic of Buryatia, the nature resource management of the region has undergone significant changes. The national park is being developed in accordance with the environmental legislation provided for economic activities within such protected areas. The purpose of the creation of the national park was the need to preserve the diversity of landscapes of the Tunkinsky mountain valley and the mountain ranges surrounding it, the protection of biodiversity, natural, historical and cultural monuments in combination with tourism. The regulation of the use of the park territory is carried out in accordance with its functional zoning for environmental education, scientific, recreational and limited economic purposes. The study area has long been a place of traditional use of natural resources. Here people hunted, fished, grazed cattle, gathered wild plants, people settled along the banks of lakes and rivers. In the Soviet years, this area received intensive recreational development due to active tourist development, which was facilitated by good transport accessibility and the existing settlement infrastructure. A sociological survey, as well as conversations in local administration bodies, showed that such types of economic activity as agriculture, cattle breeding, recreation (serving tourists), gathering, crafts, etc. remain the main ones in the livelihood of the local population. All these forms of economic activity affect nature in different ways, transform it. The practical significance of the research lies in the possibility of using the results of the study by various organizations, including administrative bodies of any level, to assess the current socio-economic situation and forecast its development, to prevent conflicts in nature resource management, to make effective decisions in management, choosing strategies for the possible development of the territory.