Клінічні аспекти прееклампсії: результати ретроспективного аналізу

Abstract

Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious cause of maternal and perinatal mortality. Every year, more than 2 million cases of PE and about 76,000 deaths among women from this pathology are registered in the world. Preeclampsia can cause premature birth and increase the risk of complications. Clinical manifestations of the disease are diverse. Therefore, studying the clinical features of PE is necessary to improve its prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Purpose - to study the frequency and clinical aspects of the course of PE in pregnant women to improve prevention, diagnosis and treatment of this pathology of pregnancy. Materials and methods. 21,950 cases of childbirth from 2016 to 2022 were analyzed. The clinical characteristics of 1,209 patients with preeclampsia were analyzed. The obstetric history of women with PE was studied, their somatic status was assessed, and laboratory data were analysed. The results were statistically analysed using the methods of variation and alternative statistics. Results. In 2016-2020, the frequency of PE was 5.5% of the total number of births. The increase in PE during the observation period was 51.5%, its severe degree was 70.5%. In women with PE, I-III pregnancies prevailed (79.5%) and I or II births in the anamnesis (97.4%). The severity of the disease was correlated with the body mass index, which varied from 22 to 43 kg/m2. Pathological changes in the objective status were revealed, including edema (53.8%) and neurological disorders (71.7%). Almost all pregnant women with PE had proteinuria. Thrombocytopenia was detected in 15.4%, hemoglobin decrease was in 25.6%. The majority of pregnant women had an increase in the prothrombin index (73.6%) and a decrease in fibrinogen (52.7%). Conclusions. The study of clinical aspects of PE reveals a high frequency of this pathology, a wide range of clinical symptoms, hemostasis disorders and organ dysfunction, which indicates the need to develop effective strategies for its diagnosis and treatment. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.