ОЦІНКА СУЧАСНОГО СТАНУ ГЛОБАЛЬНОЇ ПРОДОВОЛЬЧОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ

Abstract

Achieving sustainable development goals in the world and Ukraine is closely related to ensuring food security. Increasing the global population's well-being and quality of life is primarily determined by people's access to food products of the required quantity and quality. The assessment of the current state of global food security, which was carried out in the study, showed the relevance of the problem of hunger in the world for a significant part of countries and their regions. The global assessment was conducted based on the global GFSI index, the dynamics and significance of which showed the rating of world leaders in the issue of food security, among which such countries as Finland, Ireland, Norway, France, and the Netherlands were found. Despite the duration of the military conflict, Ukraine improved its ranking according to this index in 2022. Research has revealed that the lowest level of food security is characteristic of the countries of Central and East Africa, South Asia, and the Caribbean. The geographical distribution of hunger in the world confirmed the results of this assessment. The results enabled the identification of critical trends that slow progress in overcoming the global problem of ensuring food security. Among the main ones were the final consequences of the global COVID-19 pandemic; the riskiness of natural, climatic, and weather conditions; the beginning of the military conflict in Ukraine, as a leading participant in the world food market; reduction of mineral fertilizer exports from the Russian Federation; significant fluctuations in the global food market; problems in the world's food production, infrastructure, and logistics potential. To assess the potential for ensuring global food security, the volume of world reserves and the grain balance were analyzed. The analysis showed that the world's food production volume is estimated at 2841.1 million tons, and the world's food reserves are estimated at 894.2 million tons. However, such volumes need to be increased to achieve inclusive access for the entire planet's population to the necessary amount of quality food. The assessment showed that the current share of the population without access to healthy food is more than 42.2%, and significant differences in the value assessment of healthy food by world region accompany this.