Abstract
According to the literature review, there have been paid less attention to the peculiarities of the large intestine of domestic birds than to the small intestine. The cecum is studied mainly in terms of their microbiome and assessment of the state of the immune system through the study of the structure and cell composition of lymphoid formations. Researchers note the role of the cecum in productivity, maintaining the health and well-being of animals. The aim of the paper was to study the features of the microscopic structure of the caecum of ducks in the first year of the postnatal ontogenesis period. Determination of morphometric parameters of microstructures was performed on histological specimens from a cross section of the middle caecum of ducks 1-, 3-, 7-, 14- and 21-days old, 1-, 2- and 6-month old and 1-year-old. Active morphogenesis of intestinal microstructures was observed in 1-3-day-old ducks, as evidenced by the process of villi and crypt formation. The older ducks, their main feature of the microscopic structure of the cecum anatomy was the increase with age of their morphometric parameters, which was uneven and asynchronous. However, the density of villi and crypts did not change with the age of the bird. The indexes of adult birds morphometric parameters of the ducks cecum corresponded at different ages: the diameter of the intestine, the thickness of the serous membrane, the density of villi, the depth of the crypt – In 1 year; villi width – In 6-month; the thickness of the intestinal wall, its mucous membrane, the density of villi, their surface area, the height of the epithelium of the crypt – In 1 month; the height of the villi and their epithelium, the thickness of the muscular membrane and muscle plate - in 21 days; width and density of crypts – at 3 days sold. The most intensive increase in morphometric parameters of the caecal microstructures occurred in the first month of the postnatal period of ontogenesis, during which they changed most rapidly in the first week.
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