Формирование поверхностей откосов насыпей и выемок

Abstract

Designing of surfaces attracted many experts in the
 field of applied geometry. However, there was paid quite little attention
 to the formation of the surfaces of side slopes of embankments
 and excavations, probably due to the belief that there was
 done possible and there is nothing more to consider. The problem
 was that the question of the side slopes from put or taken out ground
 coat was discussed in the all textbooks for the builders while occupying
 a very small number of pages and the tasks in these textbooks
 were on the one hand simple, on the other – completed. Unfortunately,
 these tasks’ solutions have one and the same defect: the lack of a
 systematic approach to the study of the slopes’ formation, and
 therefore this unfortunate mistake at the corners of building areas, which could not (and unfortunately) can´t see the developers of
 modern textbooks for builders and architects. This work is characterized
 by the presence of the system approach, which eliminates
 any mistakes in training and in operation of excavation.
 In this work the author gives the information on the building
 of slopes with filled soil for ground work. All the necessary for correct
 image in the drawing examples are given. As follows from the
 analysis the image of slopes of embankments in projections with
 numerical marks is identical to the image of excavations, only with
 a different sign of a numeric mark. Special attention was paid to
 the construction of embankments’ slopes and excavations on the
 corners of buildings, because all the modern textbooks contain
 annoying mistakes.