ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПЛОДОРОДНОГО СЛОЯ ПОЧВЫ ДЛЯ РЕКУЛЬТИВАЦИИ

Abstract

The purpose of research is to study ways to use fertile soil layer for reclamation. Objectives: to study the requirements for the reclamation of lands disturbed during underground mining; to study ways to store fertile soil layer; to study methods of applying topsoil and potentially fertile rocks. The objects of this study were scientific publications and patents of Russian and foreign authors concerning the negative impact of the coal mining industry and ways to minimize this impact. Land reclamation includes preparatory, technical and biological stages. The preparatory stage includes surveying the territories and determining directions for reclamation. The technical stage includes the process of removing the fertile layer and forming a reclamation layer. The biological stage includes sowing herbs and planting trees and shrubs. The fertile layer of soil can be stored in piles for 20 years. Areas unsuitable for agriculture or unproductive land should be allocated for the piles, where flooding, salinization and pollution by industrial waste, solid objects, stone, crushed stone, pebbles, and construction waste are excluded. The application of a fertile or potentially fertile soil layer involves the use of hydraulic transport or other transportation methods with attachments that ensure the application of a soil layer of a given thickness without leveling work. The thickness of the applied fertile layer is differentiated depending on the degree of soil erosion. In order to return disturbed lands for use in various sectors of the national economy and eliminate their impact on the environment, it is necessary to carry out reclamation work by developing projects for reclamation work as part of land dumps for mining enterprises.