ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ АКУСТИЧНОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА СУЧАСНИХ БАГАТОФУНКЦІЙНИХ КОМПЛЕКСІВ

Abstract

This article examines the issue of acoustic comfort and noise pollution within multifunctional residential complexes in Lviv, where public facilities are situated in the ground-level space. The relevance of such a study is confirmed by numerous scientific conclusions that excessive noise exposure negatively affects human health, while this problem remains poorly understood and ignored in Ukraine. According to the research method, 5 multifunctional complexes were selected in different parts of Lviv. Within these complexes, 5–6 points were installed, and measurements were made using the RFT 00 014 pulse sound level meter on different days and at different times of the day. The choice of points was primarily based on the geometric shapes of the buildings (shape breaks, confined spaces, etc.) According to the results of the field measurements, it was found that most multifunctional complexes comply with the state standards for acoustic comfort, but some buildings were exposed to excessive noise load. Hence, a multitude of regularities and correlations were established between the excessive sound level meter values and the characteristics of these complexes. For example, buildings with a closed, perimeter form of construction provide noise reduction of up to 15–20 dB, but its effectiveness can be reduced due to large through passages and traffic directly next to the building. Moreover, the impact of reverberation within such covered courtyards remains unclear, as a cursory analysis shows that playground activity causes an increase in noise of 5 to 15 dB, but the sample size of this study is not sufficient to draw objective conclusions. In addition, the road surface material is an important factor, especially in the context of historic city centres where it is made of basalt paving stones. Traffic on such roads generates a much higher noise level than traffic on asphalt. Following these results, several possible solutions to the noise load problem were analysed, and the importance of conducting similar studies in the future was proven.