Abstract
Spackled yellows of wheat leaves is caused by pathogen Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechs.). This is a widespread disease and in addition to wheat, the pathogen affects more than 60 species of cereals and wild relatives. The review presents spread of pathogen in the world and in Russia, its biological features and injurousness, which is associated with reduction of yields up to 60% in the years of its epiphytotic development. Special attention is paid to the racial composition of P. tritici-repentis in various geographical zones and the heterogeneity of the distribution of races in the world. The most common races of spacled yellows pathogen are races 1 (Tox A, Tox C), 2 (Tox A), 7 (Tox A, Tox B), 8 (Tox A, Tox B, Tox C). The formation of atypical races that cannot be referred to the existing classification is noted, which indicates high adaptive properties of the phytopathogen. At present, ubiquitousness of fungus, its high adaptive abilities, saturation of crop rotations with grain crops, cultivation of unstable varieties, minimization of soil cultivation and other reasons will contribute to further spread of the harmful disease, which actualizes the need to develop integrated systems for protecting crops from spackled yellows pathogen.
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