ハンムラビ占領下の「ラルサ地域」における保有地の「管理」と「経営」

Abstract

This paper is to outline the management system of holdings in the Larsa Area immediately after the conquest by the First Dynasty of Babylon, through the consideration of the process of redistribution of holdings.Hammu-rabi conquered Larsa Dynasty in his 30th year. He and Lu-Ninurta, a high official, managed new royal estates through officials (Siniddinam, Samas-hazir, etc.) delegated to the Larsa Area. These circumstances are roughly reconstructed through the administrative letters excavated from Larsa. Fields directly managed by Larsa Dynasty were confiscated, and holdings palace or temple had granted to subordinates were redistributed through land survey and change of holders.In Larsa Dynasty, holdings had been inherited among paternal family without renewing registers. The holder was not always the same in registers.Hammu-rabi changed this old management system of holdings. The new system can be roughly divided into two levels. While the first level means holdings were reconfirmed and the management was provisionally kept, the second means holdings were finally granted. The present author proposes that the former as “administration” can be distinguished from the latter as “management”.First, officials clarified the holder of inherited holding (*eqel bit abim) to solve the land managerial inconsistency. If new receivers of holding had been subjects of Larsa Dynasty, officials reconfirmed (bârum) the inherited field as eqel sibtim “holding field”, and let them temporarily continue their production activities (“administration”). Then, to not only former holders but also immigrants and those who had had no field, officials granted (nadanum, kânum) field as *eqlum sa ilkim “ilkum-service field” that the holder should be the ilkum-service performer (“management”). Similarly, eqel sukusim “subsistence field” was granted, but it will be defined as a type of holding different from *eqlum sa ilkim (cf. the list in p. 17).Thus, as the Laws of Hammu-rabi and the administrative letters show, a new management system was founded on *eqlum sa ilkim.