東武 『格致藁』 「太極圖」의 易理的 이해

Abstract

Dongmoo Yi Je-Ma (東武 李濟馬, 1837-1900), a Confucian scholar and physician, founded the philosophy of Four Quadrants Structure (四象哲學) and Sasang Constitutional Medicine (SCM, 四象體質醫學) based on the theory of the Four Quadrants Structure (四象限) of the Kosmos. The uniqueness of SCM can be found in the “Zang-bu (臟腑, human body’s internal organs) Seong-li [性理, principle of the nature, Changes of the Zhou Yi (周易)]” which applies theory of the four quadrants structure to the human body and develops it into SCM. His “Zang-bu principle of the nature” is literally a combination of the theory of the principle of the nature and the theory of the human body, and the basis of this medical theory can be found in Dongmoo's representative philosophical work 『Gyeokchigo (格致藁)』 (1880-1893), also “The Diagram of the quadrants structure Kosmos (「Taegeukdo (太極圖)」)” can be found at 『Gyeokchigo』. In other words, Dong-moo has abbreviated the core of his philosophy and medical theory and presented in a single Diagram of the quadrants structure Kosmos. However, it's hard to find any prior research on this Diagram. Even the existing research works are limited to translating the original Chinese text of 『Gyeokchigo』 which explains the Diagram into Korean, and introducing Dongmoo's own commentary. This is primarily due to the lack of in-depth analysis Zhou Yi Principle in 「Taegeukdo」. In addition, there is the difficulty that we cannot easily find a scholarly precedent for the theory of the four quadrants structure of Kosmos, which is the basic theoretical foundation of the Four quadrants structure’s philosophy and SCM. However, since around 1995, integral psychologist Ken Wilber (1949-), who like Dongmoo, who argues the same argument, insists that “the Kosmos=four quadrants structure (四象構造),” that is AQAL (All Quadrant, All Level) has emerged. Wilber's AQAL scheme has been widely discussed in the community. Accordingly, in this paper, I aim to compare the Wilber's AQAL detailed diagrams with Dongmoo's Diagram of the Quadrants Structure of the Kosmos, identify the characteristics of each, and find the clue to the structure of the Zang-bu principle of the nature in the 「Taegeukdo」. Both diagram consider ‘Kosmos = four quadrants structure’ and simultaneously point out the Kosmos as a holarchy structure (multi-level reality). However, Wilber's diagram represents the phenomenal aspect of the Kosmos, whereas Dongmoo's 「Taegeukdo」 presents the principled aspect (Changes of the Zhou) of the structure of the Kosmos.