Закономерности аэрогазодинамических процессов при подземных пожарах

Abstract

The issue was studied related to increasing occupational safety in underground mining of the mineral raw materials. The forms of the goaf are classified. An algorithm was developed for air distribution in emergency ventilation mode, including when the main ventilation fan is turned on after an emergency stop. The possibilities and mechanism of the fan influence at the stages of ventilation in emergency conditions was clarified. An algorithm is proposed for calculating ventilation parameters in case of emergency reversion of the ventilation jet. The methods for calculating the amount of air and the inertia of the ventilation system are presented at normal ventilation and during the transition from normal ventilation to emergency. The problem of air distribution during the transition period is solved with the representation of the air branch in the form of a node with multidirectional and limited movement of air jets. The methodology for predicting hazardous working situations is detailed based on the laws of diffusion transfer of gas components of the mine atmosphere. A new method of experimental determination of elements of the transitional period of ventilation was developed. The results are given concerning the study of the influence of the goaf on the efficiency of the fans operation and the duration of the transition process after reversing the fan in an emergency. A new idea is substantiated related to the gas situation as a fragment of a ventilation network with distributed sources of oxygen absorption and gas release. The structure of the matrix of the state of mine workings in an emergency was proposed. An algorithm for calculating ventilation modes for optimizing emergency response plans is formulated. It is shown that the establishment of the regularity of the processes of gas transfer during emergency ventilation mode allows to increase the efficiency of measures to ensure occupational safety in underground mining.