조선 후기 안동 봉황사의 승탑 연구

Abstract

This paper is a study on the four bell-shaped stupas built in Bonghwangsa Temple in Andong during the late Joseon Dynasty. Based on the history of Bonghwangsa Temple, the monks of the stupas, and the formal analysis, I examined the historical and stylistic characteristics of the stupas.<BR> Bonghwangsa Temple changed its name from Hwangsansa Temple to Bonghwangsa Temple during the Songgyedang Nashik’s activities in the early 18th century. The name ‘Bonghwangsa Temple’ can be found in the internal records of the temple, such as the historical remarks within paintings, historical monument, and collection of Nashik. However, it can be seen that various town chronicle and maps surveyed under the order of the government included Hwangsan Temple, which had been used for a long time.<BR> The four stupas built in Bonghwangsa Temple are typical bell-shaped of the late Joseon Period, including 〈Stupa of Buddhist Monk Songgyedandsik〉, 〈Stupa of Buddhist Monk Cheongpadangjeon〉, 〈Stupa of Buddhist Monk Powoldangseom〉, 〈Stupa of Buddhist Monk Cheongun〉, Among them, 〈Stupa of Buddhist Monk Songgyedandsik〉 is the most important stupa of Songgye-dang in the history of Bonghwangsa Temple. It was built in 1765. The anthology of Nasik revealed the process of the construction of the stupa, and confirmed that the monk of 〈Stupa of Buddhist Monk Cheongpadangjeon〉 was the Cheongpa Bojeon who gave Buddhist initiation ritual to him. However, 〈Stupa of Buddhist Monk Powoldangseom〉, 〈Stupa of Buddhist Monk Cheongun〉 remained research tasks because they could not be found in records.<BR> The most distinctive feature of the stupa of Bonghwangsa Temple is the inscription of only one letter of the Buddhist name(法名) on the back of Dharma name(堂號). In the pedestal of the Buddha statue in Bonghwangsa Temple, only one letter of Buddhist name, who played an important role in the temple, a painter, and a master carpenter, was written. If similar examples are found in Buddhist poetry and calligraphy, it will be possible to confirm whether Bonghwangsa Temple alone has the characteristics.<BR> Finally, the bell-shaped stupa of Gyeongsang-do was divided into two categories 〈Geumganggyedan〉 of Tongdosa temple and 〈Stupa of Samyeongdang〉 of Haeinsa temple, depending on the shape of the base. It was confirmed that the stupa of Bonghwangsa Temple was simply divided into the 〈Stupa of Samyeongdang〉 style due to its simple base, and that it was somewhat influenced by the region of Gyeongsangbuk-do, and that it was in line with the bell-shaped of the late Joseon Dynasty.