ЛИШАЙНИКИ КАК ИНДИКАТОРЫ ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЯ ТЯЖЕЛЫМИ МЕТАЛЛАМИ

Abstract

To determine the degree of anthropogenic impact, five sites with different intensity of anthropogenic load were selected. The analysis of the chemical composition of lichens Lecanora albescens (Hoffm.) Branthet Rostr., Physcia adscendens (Fr.) H. Olivier, Physcia aipolia (Ehrh. ex Humb.) Fürnr. on background and man-made sites. In the thalli of the lichens studied there have been identified the following heavy metals: Cr, Zn, Ni, and Cd. Lichens growing on trunks Populus tremula L were fixed on the studied sites. In the thalloms Lecanora albescens (Hoffm.) Branthet Rostr. in the impact area the amount of heavy metals has increased in1.8-2.3 (Cr), 2.5-4.9 (Zn), 9.7-35.3 (Ni), 2.3-4.5 (Cd) times, compared with background values. In lichens Physcia adscendens (Fr.) H. Olivier heavy metal content increased in 1.8-2.6 (Cr), 1.2-2.1 (Zn), 6.7-16.5 (Ni), 1.2-1.7 (Cd) times. Concentrations of heavy metals in contaminated sites Physcia aipolia (Ehrh. ex Humb.) Fürnr. exceeded the control site in 1.4-2.2 (Cr), 3.3-6.0 (Zn), 3.9-9.9 (Ni), 1.1-1.8 (Cd) times. Species differences of lichens are manifested mainly by the difference in the intensity of accumulation of heavy metals, while the ratio between the elements varies little depending on the species. Analysis of the results allowed to conditionally divide lichens, according to their ability to accumulate heavy metals. Lichens-accumulators are: ( Lecanora albescens (Hoffm.) Branthet Rostr.), lichens-excluders are: ( Physcia adscendens (Fr.) H. Olivier, Physcia aipolia (Ehrh. ex Humb.) Fürnr.). As for accumulating heavy metals by lichens, the most important factors are: 1) the selection point relative to the source of pollution, 2) species differences.