ИНЕРЦИАЛЬНЫЕ АБСОЛЮТНЫЕ И ОТНОСИТЕЛЬНЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ ОТСЧЕТА

Abstract

It is noted that the problem of choosing a frame of reference for the relative motion of inertial objects of comparable mass is especially relevant for interplanetary flights at a considerable distance from the planets. There is a point of view that all inertial frames of reference are equal and the choice between them is determined solely by the convenience of calculations. The aim of the work is to determine the absolute inertial frame of reference for the relative unaccelerated motion of an arbitrary number of inert objects in three-dimensional Euclidean space and to establish its difference from relative frames of reference. For the same inert objects moving relative to each other, different coordinate systems give completely different total kinetic energies of objects. In this sense, it is not possible to recognize them as equal in rights. Obviously, none of these coordinate systems can be considered as absolute. An absolute coordinate system should be considered such a system, the choice of which completely excludes arbitrariness. This requirement is satisfied by a system in which the total kinetic energy of inert objects is minimal. The absolute coordinate system coincides with the center of mass of inert objects and with the epicenter of their hypothetical repulsion from the state (also hypothetical) of mutual immobility. After a hypothetical repulsion, the velocities of inert objects relative to the center of mass acquire the same values as in the absolute coordinate system. Along with a wide variety of reference systems in the mutual motion of unaccelerated inertial objects, including those associated with these objects (these reference systems can be considered relative), there is one absolute reference system associated with the center of mass of the considered inertial objects. The considered repulsions of inert objects are calculated and may have nothing to do with reality. The number of inert objects in determining the absolute coordinate system is not limited by anything. It can be either two objects or a star system.