Abstract
Aim: to assess the dynamics of mold sporulation in Samara to predict the risk of allergy development and exacerbation. Patients and Methods: mold spore samples were collected from April 1 to September 30 in 2016–2019 using trap impactor and placed on slides coated with Vaseline-wax mixture. Mold spores were calculated and referred to various taxa. Allergy risks were predicted. Thresholds for evoking asthma are estimated to be 100 spores/m3 for Alternaria and 3,000 spores/m3 for Cladosporium. Results: in Samara, average mold vegetative period was 164 days. Cladosporium and Alternaria spores were identified. Their spores were estimated as 34.4% of total atmospheric spores in Samara. Cladosporium spores estimated as 15.3% of total fungal spores were identified during the whole observation period. Maximum concentration was less than 960 spores/m3 having been within the average range. Alternaria spores were estimated as 19.1%. The proportion of days exceeding the threshold value of 100 spores/m3 was 6% to 81% having been the highest in July-September. Conclusion: prerequisites for the development of fungal sensitization were revealed. Regional specificity of sporulation in Samara was illustrated. Major mold taxa were identified. Allergy risks in Alternaria and Cladosporium sensitization were assessed. The highest total average monthly amount of Alternaria spores was during Artemisia and Ambrosia pollination season. This could be challenging for the diagnosis and treatment of patients suffering from allergic symptom exacerbations during this period. Our findings will improve the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of allergic disorders in Samara. KEYWORDS: aerobiological monitoring, allergy, mold spores, Cladosporium, Alternaria, fungal sensitization. FOR CITATION: Mazokha K.S., Manzhos M.V., Khabibulina L.R. et al. Important issues of fungal sensitization: aerobiological aspects. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(1):4–9. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-1-4-9.
Highlights
Аэропалинологический мониторинг проводится в различных регионах мира с целью выявить основные аллергенные таксоны и их динамику в различных географических и климатических условиях, оценить влияние природных и антропогенных факторов
assess the dynamics of mold sporulation in Samara to predict the risk of allergy development and exacerbation
mold spore samples were collected from April 1 to September 30
Summary
Пыльцу и споры улавливали с помощью ловушки-импактора, через которую прокачивался воздух в течение 25 мин со скоростью 10 л/мин, на предметные стекла, покрытые смесью вазелина и воска. Импактор устанавливался на высоте 10 м над уровнем земли. В полученных препаратах подсчитывали пыльцевые зерна и споры с последующим определением их принадлежности к различным систематическим группам [10]. В дальнейшем определялось содержание пыльцевых зерен в 1 м3, при составлении календаря пыления количественное содержание пыльцы усредняли. Обработка предметных стекол проводилась на кафедре экологии, ботаники и охраны природы Самарского университета. Статистическая обработка данных проводилась с применением методов вариационной статистики. Полученные данные обрабатывали с применением пакета прикладных программ AtteStat, версия 10.5.1, и статистических формул программы Microsoft Excel, версия 5.0
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