Еволюція непрямого способу в нідерландській мові

Abstract

The article is connected with evolution investigation of the grammatical category which is recognized as the Oblique Mood in the Dutch language. The evolution of that grammatical phenomenon is reconstructed involving authentic texts of different periods, starting with very restricted material of early middle Dutch period and finishing with numerous and different texts of modern Dutch period. The transformation of morphological structure of the Dutch Oblique Mood moves into the direction of growing analytical structures with the parallel degradation of synthetical forms with traditional flexion markers. Taking into consideration the fact that the Oblique Mood is very well reflected on the syntactical (sentence) level, the attention is focused not only on the simple sentences but on the developed system of subordinate clauses. All the steps of transformation are reflected in the stages of diachronical analysis too. For the better definite differentiation of the Oblique Mood Construction and finding differences in the constructions, all the variants of the Oblique Mood are compared with the variants of the Indicative Mood. It helps to provide the comparison in the dichotomy of the Indicative – Oblique Moods. The special attention is given to the description of periphrastic constructions which were formed combining preterite-present verbs with infinitives I, II and further grammaticalisation of two-component verb combination. The ruining of the synthetical paradigm was caused by the reduction of corresponding suffix reflection. There was the attempt to restore the synthetical forms in translation of the Bible from Latin and Greek into Dutch, it was the marker of the literature language but not the colloquial one. The influence of the French and German languages was definite but sporadical. The analytical forms were created in the conditional clauses and were recognized as the Conditional Mood I, II. This type of mood had some meaning of supposition forming the corresponding subgroup of the Suppositional Mood. If the preterite-present verb zullen was a productive form but willen was not involved into the Oblique Mood analytical form creation, remaining outside of that grammatical category. There is some resemblance between the Dutch and English Oblique Mood, in particular the structure of analytical forms.