Биохимический состав семян сои Дальневосточного региона

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to analyze seeds of cultivated and wild soybeans in the Far Eastern Region according to a number of indicators of biochemical composition. The object of the study is seeds of 18 varieties and 4 forms of wild soybeans grown in the Amur Region (Alena, Lidiya, Kitrossa, Sonata, Garmoniya, KBL-29, KA-1413, KZ-6337), Khabarovsk (Marinata, Batya, VAZ-100, Ivan Karamanov, Saltus, wild soybean HK), Primorsky Regions (Musson, Primorskaya -96, Primorskaya-4, Primorskaya-86, Sfera) and the the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (black, yellow, green). The content of transgenes in seeds was determined by PCR with hybridization-fluorescent detection in real time (Real Time PCR); concentration of protein, oil and VVC – by the method of diffuse reflection in the near infrared region. The graphs obtained as a result of amplification indicate that during the PCR analysis, no gene-tically modified construct (35S promoter and NOS terminator) was detected in any of the soybean varieties studied. The studied soybean varieties from the Far Eastern Region are not transgenic. According to biochemical indicators, the Kitrossa variety of Amur selection should be distinguished, which is characterized by a high content of protein (46.80 ± 0.02 %), oleic (27.53 ± 0.01) and linolenic acids (11.79 ± 0.01 %), as well as the DPRK soybean varieties (from 41.43 ± 0.03 to 43.46 ± 0.01 %), which had an increased protein content with an optimal linoleic-linolenic ratio (ω-6: ω-3). Wild soybeans have been shown to contain high amounts of protein. For the KZ-6337 form, the maximum amount of protein was identified (50.06 ± 0.10 %), therefore it is recommended to use it as a source of dominant genes when breeding high-protein soybean varieties. The results of a study of the biochemical composition of soybeans in the Far Eastern Region indicate the varietal specificity of the region of growth in protein, oilseed and fatty acid composition.