ЗАРУБЕЖНЫЙ ОПЫТ ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ ОСОБЫХ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ ЗОН

Abstract

Special economic zones take the important place in the economy of many countries. They are created to resolve both the external economic and general economy problems of the countries. The creation of special economic zones of various types is caused by serious changes happened within the world economy for the last decades. The world practice has the extensive successful experience of functioning of special economic zones in various political and socio-economic systems, territories and conditions: science and technology parks in the USA, zones of high and new technologies development in China and others. The main goal of special economic zones creation is the solution of strategic problems (foreign trade, general economic, social, regional, scientific and technical) of the development of the state in general or its certain territory. This paper considers the approaches to the procedure of economic zones creation in the world practice: “from top” method and “from bottom” method. The authors gave the classification of special economic zones: export and production areas, free trade areas, technological areas, export stimulation zones, service, and complex zones. Special aspects of the economic zones formation, conditions offered for residents, the countries and regions practicing each of the types of economic zones are presented in the paper. The authors specified tax preferences for the participants of economic zones in Great Britain, the USA, China, Japan, Mexico, their aspects of functioning and the types of zones and carries out the analysis of the formation of special economic zones in the USA, China, Ireland, and the countries of Southeast Asia. Using the statistical methods, the authors showed the efficiency of the creation of special economic zones in the foreign economic activity of China. The paper presents the recommendations of the functioning of special economic zones in foreign practices, which could be considered in domestic practice.