Экологическая политика России: стратегические направления развития

Abstract

The basic directions for the development of Russian environmental policy are formulated, which will determine the transition of the national economy to sustainable development. Such a transition must take into account global trends in decarbonization, energy transition and the formation of a new technological structure. It is shown that the Russian economic system requires taking into account the specifics of sufficient reserves and the orientation of the national economy towards traditional hydrocarbon energy sources. The purpose of the study is to determine areas for improving the current mechanism of environmental and economic regulation in our country to ensure sustainable development and achieve carbon neutrality of the Russian national economy. The main scientific tools of the work were economic analysis, including the ecological-economic type of such analysis, statistical analysis, content analysis, and information modeling. Calculation of external effects due to greenhouse gas emissions was carried out on the basis of information from subjects of statistical accounting using officially approved methodological support for assessing environmental harm. Promising tools have been identified that regulate the balanced transition of the national economy to stable functioning that satisfies the basic principles of sustainable development. A cost assessment of the potential Russian carbon market was carried out, proving the prospects for applying taxation on the carbon footprint of products, as well as trading quotas for greenhouse gas emissions. Separately, the directions of development inherent in the practice of environmental and economic regulation formed in Russia are highlighted.