Акушерские щипцы. Современный взгляд на проблему

Abstract

Operative vaginal delivery with obstetric forceps is associated with a high risk of maternal and fetal injury. The lack of reliable and up-to-date knowledge about forceps manipulation and its safety creates a fear of using forceps and leads to a gradual loss of skill in the use of the instrument. This article covers the indications for forceps application according to relevant clinical guidelines, systematizes the results of current national and international studies on the benefits and risks of using obstetric forceps for the mother and fetus. Special attention is paid to the comparison of outcomes of operative vaginal deliveries using different instruments and comparison with operative abdominal deliveries with the same indications for surgery. In the conclusion of the analysis, the evidence for the appropriateness of using obstetric forceps to achieve a better perinatal outcome and avoid unwarranted cesarean section and related complications was formulated. Key words: obstetric forceps, vacuum extraction, cesarean section, maternal morbidity, maternal mortality, operative vaginal delivery, perinatal morbidity, perinatal mortality