Abstract
The paper considers the long-ago perceived, but inadequately studied phenomenon of the Semitic root triconsonantism. Some examples of the paradigm realization from the Biblical Hebrew, where the adducing of the third consonant to a 2C-root (biconsonantal) results in the formation of a cluster of the semantically related 3C-roots, are provided. A similar process is noted in other language families that constitute the Afroasiatic phylum. Here it is argued that the phenomenon can be viewed diachronically as a consequence of certain economic, social, and cultural changes during the Natufian period (12 500 – 10 500 BP) in the Near East. Due to the material innovations in agriculture, the Natufians were able to store the agricultural surpluses, and their everyday life became more organized and safer. A hypothesis is made that sociocultural changes during the Paleolithic–Neolithic transition influenced the mundane life of the multiplied and urbanized Natufians, who could now rely on food stocks which allowed them to indulge in idle contacts. These changes led, in turn, to an incentive for spiritual progress and ultimately provided a staging ground for oral lore. The new Neolithic reality demanded novel means of expression that were created by the compounding of 3C-roots (among them, the roots bearing an abstract meaning) from the existing 2C-roots.
Highlights
A similar process is noted in other language families that constitute the Afroasiatic phylum
It is argued that the phenomenon can be viewed diachronically as a consequence of certain economic, social, and cultural changes during the Natufian period (12 500 – 10 500 BP) in the Near East
A hypothesis is made that sociocultural changes during the Paleolithic–Neolithic transition influenced the mundane life of the multiplied and urbanized Natufians, who could rely on food stocks which allowed them to indulge in idle contacts
Summary
Вторая характерная черта семитского корня – наличие биконсонантного смыслового ядра, определяющего древо корней. Д. Как следует из этих примеров, все корни объединены общим значением отделения части от целого, разборки Чтобы две согласных фонемы, несущих основную смысловую нагрузку древа корней, занимали первое и второе места в корне (√ḤPR ‘рытье’, √SPR ‘стрижка’); более того, между ними может даже вклиниваться третья согласная фонема, конкретизирующая основной смысл: √PʕR ‘зияние’, ‘разевание’, √PŠR ‘таяние’, √PṬR ‘освобождение’. Что наличие биконсонантного смыслового ядра в семитском корне признается не всеми исследователями С первого взгляда напрашивается предположение, что пример аналогичен рассмотренному выше √P-R-*, и роль смыслового ядра (со значением ‘прикладывать усилия к объекту’) играет диконсонантная пара √D -*. Но у корня √DḤ есть и гомологичный ему корень √DḤQ ‘давить’, ‘теснить’, где в роли смыслового ядра выступает пара √DḤ-* со значением, близким √D -*. Полагавший, что реализация языковой способности впервые стала проявляться у женщин, которые в ожидании мужчин с охоты собирались группами и испытывали потребность делиться информацией (как выражается автор – «сплетничать»/“gossiping”) [11, p. 79]
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