Роль материнского микробиома в патогенезе преэклампсии

Abstract

The purpose — to conduct a systematic analysis of the modern Russian and foreign publications on the role of microbiome in preeclampsia pathogenesis. Material and methods. Analysis of the modern Russian and foreign publications over the past eight years on the PubMed platform, systematic reviews of Cochrane, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar was conducted. Results. Preeclampsia is a severe manifestation of placental dysfunction resulting from angiogenic imbalance and inflammation. For a long time, the «sterile uterus» paradigm rejected the possible role of bacteria in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and other complications of pregnancy. The introduction of new molecular genetics diagnostic methods made it possible to confirm the presence of bacterial communities in the uterus, placenta and amniotic fluid. The physiological microbiome maintains gravidar homeostasis, but dysbiosis in various niches is a potential cause of inflammation and can lead to pathological pregnancy outcomes such as preterm labor and preeclampsia. Conclusion. The microbiome of the oral cavity, intestines, vagina, uterus and placenta may play a certain role in the preeclampsia pathogenesis.