Abstract
The article describes the past and present state of the Sart-Kalmyks of Kyrgyzstan in conditions of a different ethnic environment and multilingualism. The Sart-Kalmyks, or Issyk-Kul, or Karakol Kalmyks (Kalmaks) are a small ethnic group of Oirat origin, professing Islam. The source base of the article was the author’ personal field materials collected in the Ak-Sui district of the Issyk-Kul region of Kyrgyzstan during a scientific expedition in 2021. The author managed to find a copy of the handwritten “Sart-Kalmyk-Kyrgyz-Russian dictionary” compiled by the residents of the village of Chelpek in the 1990s, to record samples of folklore works that exist in the modern Sart-Kalmyk community (oral stories, historical legends, toponymic legends, songs, well-wishes, proverbs, etc.). As additional material, information from various sources was involved, including from archival and published materials in Russian, Kalmyk and Kyrgyz languages. Our study presents the existing versions of the origin of the ethnic group “Sart-Kalmyks”, shows in detail the process of resettlement of Kalmyks from Xinjiang to the Semirechye region, studies the toponymy of the former and modern territory of residence of the Sart-Kalmyks, examines the history of the study of Sart-Kalmyks, number, ethnic composition, religion, education, economy, traditions of the Karakol Kalmyks. The relevance of this work is dictated by insufficient research of the Sart-Kalmyks in the domestic and world humanitarian science.
Highlights
В статье описывается прошлое и современное состояние сарт-калмыков Киргизии в условиях иноэтнического окружения и многоязычия
The author managed to find a copy of the handwritten “Sart-KalmykKyrgyz-Russian dictionary” compiled by the residents of the village of Chelpek in the 1990s, to record samples of folklore works that exist in the modern Sart-Kalmyk community
Our study presents the existing versions of the origin of the ethnic group “Sart-Kalmyks”, shows in detail the process of resettlement of Kalmyks from Xinjiang to the Semirechye region, studies the toponymy of the former and modern territory of residence of the SartKalmyks, examines the history of the study of Sart-Kalmyks, number, ethnic composition, religion, education, economy, traditions of the Karakol Kalmyks
Summary
Сарт-калмыки, Кыргызстан, Джунгарское ханство, олеты Синьцзяна, архивные источники, полевые материалы автора. Our study presents the existing versions of the origin of the ethnic group “Sart-Kalmyks”, shows in detail the process of resettlement of Kalmyks from Xinjiang to the Semirechye region, studies the toponymy of the former and modern territory of residence of the SartKalmyks, examines the history of the study of Sart-Kalmyks, number, ethnic composition, religion, education, economy, traditions of the Karakol Kalmyks. Sart-Kalmyks, Kyrgyzstan, Dzungar Khanate, Xinjiang Olets, archival sources, field materials of the author. Самоназвание сарт-калмыков — хәльмгмс (хальмг) ‘калмыки’ (ранее өөлд ‘олёты’ (Бурдуков, 1935: 47–79), хар хәльмг ‘кара-калмыки’, хотн хәльмг ‘хотон-калмаки’). В. Бурдуков в своей неопубликованной статье «Сарт-калмыки» пишет, что «ближайшими родичами сарт-калмыков являются текесские калмыки. От текесских калмыков они окончательно отделились на Хабхаках только после 1882 г. Недостаточная изученность сарт-калмыков в отечественной и мировой гуманитарной науке как раз и определила актуальность данной работы
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