Антипіренна композиція для вогнезахисту целюлозовмісних матеріалів

Abstract

The article presents the results of research on the creation of flame retardant composition for fire protection of cellulose-containing materials. The analysis was performed of flame retardant compositions for impregnation of cellulose-based materials. Phosphorus-based compounds have been shown to be most effective in providing fire protection in the solid phase and during decomposition. They are able to decompose when heated to form phosphoric acid, which inhibits direct oxidation and greatly reduces the spread of fire. Also, noteworthy are compositions based on salts and acids of phosphorus and nitrogen. The mechanism of action of these compositions is aimed at reducing the amount of heat during combustion and becomes insufficient for self-combustion. It was also found that during ignition fire-retardant compositions interact with the components of cellulose, which forms residual phosphorus and nitrogen, resulting in increased efficiency of fire-retardant action. Fire-retardant impregnating compositions are aqueous solutions of flame retardants. The materials are impregnated in a container with a flame retardant solution or sprayed on the surface of the material with an industrial spray. This method is simple and effective, but the result is short-lived. More effective is the method of introducing flame retardant at the molecular level into the fiber structure. One of the important methods is to restore the fire-retardant properties of materials during their operation and products from them.