РАСПРОСТРАНЕННОСТЬ И ЭТИОЛОГИЯ ПЕРЕЛОМОВ НИЖНЕЙ ЧЕЛЮСТИ

Abstract

Subject. A review of the literature on the topical problem of maxillofacial surgery and dental surgery — the prevalence and etiology of mandibular fractures is presented. The aim of the study was to study the materials of publications on the prevalence and etiology of mandibular fractures. 
 Methodology. The publications of domestic and foreign authors, testifying to the prevalence and etiology of mandibular fractures, were studied. 
 Results. The publications confirm the tendency of an increase in the number of mandibular fractures. Fractures of the mandible are of polyfactorial origin. 
 The research results demonstrate the presence of a specific connection between fractures of the lower jaw and social (region of residence, socio-economic state, cultural characteristics, lifestyle, etc.), age and gender factors. 
 Conclusions. Fractures of the lower jaw prevail in the structure of fractures of the bones of the facial skeleton. The majority of patients are urban residents. One-sided fractures are most common. 
 The greatest number of mandibular fractures is recorded in the age group 21-30 years. At the same time, the youth age group is dominant here. A low incidence of fractures was noted in the elderly group. 
 Mandibular fractures are more common in men than in women in a ratio of ~ 4: 1, but the proportion of women with fractures of the mandible has recently been increasing. 
 Mandibular fractures are most common in the summer months, with Sunday dominating the days of the week. 
 Mandibular fractures can be caused by a variety of factors. In recent years, there has been an upward trend in the number of fractures caused by road traffic accidents in many countries. Female patients indicate a high incidence of violence against them. Falls are the most common cause of fractures in older people. 
 There is a definite relationship between the incidence of fractures and the use of alcohol and other psychoactive substances.