Abstract
Allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) is known to be a course-modifying treatment of allergic diseases. This includes reduction in disease progression, declined risks of complications, minimization of further sensitization to allergens, and decreased risk of bronchial asthma development in patients with allergic rhinitis. The article presents characteristics and composition of various medication allergens used for allergen-specific immunotherapy. The authors describe salt extracts of allergens used for subcutaneous ASIT; allergoids received by allergen polymerization with formaldehyde or by carbamoylation; allergens adsorbed on calcium phosphate suspension or aluminum hydroxide used for subcutaneous ASIT; and allergens for sublingual use. Besides, perspectives in allergen synthesis are described, including creation of recombinant allergens. It is also showed how improvement in therapeautical allergens’ preparation influences their effectiveness and safety of use and creates more possibilities in allergens application.
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