Abstract
The creation of technologies and autonomous robots for laser weeding of agricultural crops is a promising and relevant direction in the fight against weeds, which will allow for high-precision and targeted processing of crops without the use of herbicides. (Research Purpose) The research purpose is analyzing technologies and technical means for laser weeding of plants. (Materials and methods) Using the aspect approach, the analysis of domestic and foreign scientific publications on the use of laser technologies in agricultural practice was carried out. (Results and discussion) It has been established that laser weeding technology includes several key components: mobile robotic devices, computer vision systems for plant recognition, navigation systems for precise positioning of robotic platforms in field conditions and laser systems for high-precision weed eradication. Artificial intelligence and deep learning methods are preferred for plant recognition. CO2 lasers, fiber and diode lasers are mainly used as laser energy sources. The most effective solution for laser weeding is a ground-based mobile robotic platform with a block-modular design, which is equipped with integrated laser systems for processing plants, weed recognition systems, as well as various navigation systems. (Conclusions) It is determined that carbon dioxide lasers with wavelengths of 9.3, 10.2 and 10.6 micrometers and power up to 100 watts are used for laser weeding. Diode lasers operate in the wavelength range of 450-900 nanometers with pulses lasting up to tenths of a second and a power of 5-25 watts, forming a contact spot measuring 0.5-2.5 millimeters. It has been established that fiber lasers with high peak power of short pulses and compact dimensions with a wavelength in the visible and near infrared ranges of 0.75-1.4 micrometers are promising for laser weeding. To treat weeds, carbon dioxide lasers require the least amount of energy - up to 125 Joules per weed at a wavelength of 10,600 nanometers. When using wavelengths of 1908, 940 and 532 nanometers (fiber, diode and solid-state lasers), 230, 237 and 1400 Joules are spent per weed. It is also determined that the height of treatment of weeds with a laser beam is 0.3-0.6 meters.
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