Abstract
The up-to-date view on a biomembrane structure and functions and the role of lipid, protein and carbohydrate biomembrane components in maintenance of a cell vital activity is summarized in this article. The up-to-date model of a biomembrane structure as a nanocompartmentalized fluid in which lipids and proteins undergo anomalous diffusion is examined. An attention is paid to lipid rafts existence as nanoscaled membrane domains. The analysis of literature and research results concerning the nanonature of ion channels and the mechanism of influence of nanoparticles on a biomembrane is carried out. It is shown that the data on structure and functions ofa biomembrane and the nature of influence of nanoparticles on it is necessary to create new high-performance therapeutic agents, diagnostic tools and to study nanoobjects' toxicological properties.
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