Наукові та технологічні основи органічного луківництва

Abstract

The purpose. To justify scientific and technological bases of development of organic meadow culture. Methods. General scientific — hypotheses, induction and deduction, analogy, generalization; special — field, laboratory, mathematical-statistical, calculation-comparative. Results. Scientific and technological fundamentals are generated of organic meadow culture which provide implementation of complex of measures not only on production of ecologically safety feedstuff for animals with maximal use of biological factors of intensification, but also save environment, in particular soils, water sources, biodiversity. The basic practical methods of heightening productive longevity of pod-bearing plants in artificial meadow legume-cereal agro-ecosystems is correct selection of ingredients in view of ecological-biological and cenosis factors, implementation of the method of disposition of grass family and leguminous ingredients. It provides serial disposition of grass family and leguminous ingredients in separate lines with rather narrow row widths or narrow strips, substitution of leguminous ingredients on years of use in legume-cereal grass stands, etc. Conclusions. Creation of perennial artificial grass stands with increased content of pod-bearing plants is one of the most perspective directions of support of organic meadow culture. Their productivity without fertilization on grey loess soils variates within the limits of 7–10 t/hectare of dry solid matter, that in 1,7–2,5 times is more in comparison with cereal grass stand. Among legume-cereal grass stands the most productive with the greatest accumulation of symbiotic nitrogen within the limits of 150–170 kg / hectare are Lucerne-cereal coenosises. As nature protection measure on natural forage grasslands it is desirable to apply phytomelioration, when instead of importation of chemical improvers (lime, dolomite powder, gypsum, etc.), which pollute environment, it is recommended to sow perennial grasses, resistant against the heightened acidity or soil salinity.