Оптимізація процесу анаеробного зброджування тваринницьких відходів

Abstract

Anaerobic fermentation of manure in bioenergy installations involves the use of a complex of engineering and technical facilities (bioreactor, gas gauge, thermal stabilization system, etc.), and also requires significant energy and material costs. In this connection, the task of optimal management of these facilities is relevant on the basis of mathematical modeling and energy use of resource-saving technologies. The purpose of the research is to justify the model of optimization of methane fermentation of livestock waste. Research results. The proposed algorithm is implemented in the adaptive control system for anaerobic digestion of livestock wastes, which regulates the supply of heat and material flow at the entrance to the methane tank. At the first stage of the model construction, the collection, pre-processing of information and evaluation of the significance of the parameters of the BEE is carried out. At the second stage, the study of static characteristics of kinetics at a laboratory plant without limiting the growth of microorganisms under the optimal conditions for the process of the process is conducted. At this stage, the parameters that insignificantly influence the process are excluded. In the third stage, the macro-kinetic regularities of the process at the pilot plant, in conditions close to the industrial one, are examined, the structure and parameters of the model are determined, on the basis of which the type of functional dependence of these parameters is chosen from the mode-constructive parameters of the BEE. At the fourth stage a complete mathematical model of the BEE is formed, the parameters of the model and the efficiency of the model are specified. The management system combines management and identification processes and includes two stages. At the preparatory stage, accumulation of experimental data and preliminary processing of information are carried out, and also the necessary amount of biomass of microorganisms is accumulated with the purpose of transition to continuous cultivation. After accumulation of the required amount of experimental data, an identifier is included and the object model is synthesized. As a result, the initial values of the model, the matrix and the dispersion estimation are determined. With the arrival of the next observation, the control system goes into the normal mode of operation, and the refined model of the object is used for the development of managerial actions. Conclusions The practical application of the proposed methods and algorithms for solving the problems of optimal management of anaerobic digestion of livestock waste from fattening cattle in two-stage pilot bioenergetic plants showed their efficiency and efficiency.