Анализ зарубежного опыта развития инновационных систем

Abstract

The article focuses on the experience of developing the innovation system of Singapore with an emphasis on the main elements, success factors and decisions taken by the government of the country in different periods in order to intensify the exchange of knowledge, develop innovation and strengthen the competitive position on the world market. There have been analyzed the main stages of the evolution of the innovation system of Singapore: the industrial take-off (from the early 1960s to the mid-1970s), local technological deepening (from the mid-1970s to the end of the 1980s), applied expansion of research and development (R&D) (from the mid-1980s to the end of the 1990s), high-tech entrepreneurship and development in the field of R&D (from the mid-1990s to the present). The identification and analysis of the main stages, as well as documents (the National Plan for Science and Technology, the Science and Technology Plan, the Plan for Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship) made it possible to establish the most significant features of the Singapore innovation system including a targeted policy in the field of foreign direct investment, leading to increased R&D activity in enterprises; effective macroeconomic policy, including in the field of social issues, combined with innovation policy; step-by-step creation of conditions for the development of innovations within multinational corporations, local manufacturing enterprises, state research institutes and centers and university R&D, local high-tech start-ups. The analyzed experience can be useful in improving the existing (or searching for a new model) innovation system in Russia in modern economic, political and technological conditions.