近世初期上層住宅のサービス・システムにおける大台所の役割 : 『匠明』の「屋敷図」を中心とした指図と絵画史料の分析に基づいて

Abstract

In previous studies, the writer has pointed out similarities between elite detached kitchen structures and vernacular houses in early modern Japan. This paper explores the role of great kitchen (5daidokoro) structures within the overall service system of the early Edo period elite residences of the daimyS class. Analysis of contemporary plans (especially the diagrammatic Yashiki-zu in Shomei) and illustrations suggests that in the largest residences, the great kitchen was used as an informal entrance to the residence as a whole, and to prepare meals for the lower household in the male part of the residence (the female zone had an entirely independent kitchen). Separate upper kitchens were used for the preparation of meals for senior household members and important guests. In smaller residences, however, the great kitchen might incorporate accommodation for household staff, and archaeological evidence suggests that this had also been the case in the simpler daimyo mansions of the sengoku period. It is suggested that the the origins of the residential plan of the early Edo period great kitchen building are probably to be sought in the mediaeval period, and relate to residential aspects of its function at that time.