ГЛОБАЛЬНІ КЛІМАТИЧНІ КРИЗИ ТА КЛІМАТИЧНА МІГРАЦІЯ

Abstract

The term “climate refugees” has been used since 1985, also known as climate or environmental migrants, as people who have been “forced to leave their traditional habitat, temporarily or permanently” due to significant environmental disruption. But the scope of the definition still raises some debate. Climate change is not only a threat, causing immediate damage to people and infrastructure, it is also a long-term danger that can slowly destabilize societies and economies. Over the past 30 years, the number of people living in coastal areas at high risk of sea level rise has increased from 160 million to 260 million, 90% of whom are from poor developing countries and small island states. This situation is exacerbated because climate risks are interconnected and can cause a domino effect. As global carbon emissions continue to rise, climate change is contributing to humanitarian crises and cycles of displacement around the world. More than 70% of the world's refugees and internally displaced people come from the most climate-vulnerable countries. They will be among the first to suffer as climate shocks and extreme weather conditions continue into 2023. Helping them prepare for these shocks and increase their resilience to climate change will be more important than ever. Countries and regions that are both climate hotspots and conflict-affected or host large numbers of forcibly displaced people include Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Central Sahel, Mozambique, Somalia, Sudan, Syria and Yemen. Climate change is adding to the mass migration already underway to the world's cities, and this is becoming a critical issue worldwide. In 2022, the number of forcibly displaced people exceeded 100 million for the first time, with climate change displacing more people than conflict. Models show that for every degree of temperature rise, a billion people will be displaced. Over the next decade, hundreds of millions of people will have to move – you'll either be among them or host them. Climatic factors often drive local and global migration regardless of the nature and severity of global climate change. In developing countries, drought has rendered large tracts of land uncultivable or virtually unproductive, forcing people to move to cities where jobs are increasingly scarce and food is more expensive. Then emigration from the country is considered as the only viable solution. Thus, local climate problems led to international migration.