Клінічне спостереження тератоми головного мозку новонародженого

Abstract

A congenital brain tumor is a tumor detected before birth or during the first two months of life. The frequency of congenital brain tumors is extremely low - 0.34 per 1 million newborns, and no more than 1.5% of all neoplasms of the central nervous system in children, but the rapid growth of the tumor and the destruction of normal brain tissue give them a fatal prognosis. Purpose - to expand knowledge on the possibilities of antenatal diagnosis and the features of the management of the early neonatal period of congenital mіalformations based on the clinical observation of fetal brain teratoma. An overview of literature sources is provided on the prevalence of pathology, histological structure (teratomas, neuroepithelial and mesenchymal tumors), features of the clinical course that distinguish them from childhood tumors - mainly supratentorial localization, lack of growth restriction due to the mobility of the bones of the skull, prognosis and tactics of pregnancy and childbirth . Ultrasound examination is the main method of diagnosis of brain tumors, which are visualized in the form of a solid or cystic calcified formation or not, and manifestations of hypervascularization can also be absent or present. The features of the structure and development of the teratoma, which contains cells of all 3 germ layers and has properties of rapid destructive growth, are also described. Hydrocephalus accompanying congenital brain tumors can be caused both by compression of the ventricular system and intracranial hemorrhages. Thanks to modern diagnostic capabilities, most cases are detected in terms of possible termination of pregnancy, in the case of childbirth with such a pathology, in 60% of cases, a cesarean section is used. The given clinical case shows the possibilities of antenatal diagnosis of a brain tumor and even clearly establishing the depth of the lesion, at the same time as the lack of treatment options. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.