Abstract

광양만 해수의 세균 군집의 계절적 변화를 배양법과 비배양법을 사용하여 분석하였다. 200개의 분리 균주에 대해 Amplified rDNA restriction 방법을 적용한 경우 분리 균은 Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes의 4개의 문에 속함을 확인하였다. 비 배양방법으로는 해수로부터 직접 추출한 DNA를 사용하여 pyrosequencing과 변성 농도구배 전기영동(DGGE)을 실시하였다. Pyrosequencing에 의한 16S rRNA 유전자의 염기서열 분석 결과 세균 군집은 춘계와 하계에 각각 24개, 추계에 39개 그리고 동계에 32개의 문으로 구성되었다. 다양도 지수는 추계에 높았으며 춘계에는 우점도 지수가 높았다. Firmicutes 문의 세균이 춘계에 예외적으로 많은 비율을 차지하였으며 나머지 계절에는 Proteobacteria 문의 세균이 우점하였다. 차 우점 분류군은 춘계에는 Proteobacteria 문의 세균인 반면 하계에는 Firmicutes 문, 추계와 동계에는 Bacteroidetes 문의 세균이 차지하였다. 과 수준에서의 우점 분류군은 Bacilliaceae가 춘계에, Rhodobacteraceae와 Bacilliaceae가 하계에, Rhodobacteraceae가 동계에 나타났으나 추계에는 우점 분류군이 없었다. DGGE 에서 확인된 27개의 DNA 절편을 추출하여 계통분석을 실시한 결과 춘계에는 Firmicutes 문에 이어 Proteobacteria 문이 우점하였으며 다른 계절에는 Proteobacteria 문이 우점하였다. 두 가지의 비배양법에 의한 군집 분석 결과 문 수준에서의 세균 군집의 계절적 변화는 유사한 경향이 나타났다. Seasonal variations in the bacterial community of Gwangyang Bay seawater were analyzed using both isolation and cultivation-independent methods. Amplified rDNA restriction analysis was applied to 200 bacterial isolates. Bacterial isolates were composed of four phyla: Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Pyrosequencing was conducted, in addition to denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of genomic DNA extracted directly from the water samples. The bacterial sequences obtained by pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes consisted of 24 phyla in the spring and summer, 39 in the fall, and 32 in the winter. The diversity index was high in the fall, whereas the dominancy index was high in the spring. In the spring, phylum Firmicutes was dominant, whereas phylum Proteobacteria dominated in the other three seasons. The second most dominant phyla were Proteobacteria in the spring, Firmicutes in the summer, and Bacteroidetes both in the fall and winter. Bacilliaceae was the most predominant family in the spring. Rhodobacteraceae and Bacilliaceae dominated in the summer, and Rhodobacteraceae dominated in the winter. Neither was dominant in the fall Twenty-seven bands purified from DGGE profiles were cloned and analyzed phylogenetically. In the spring, phylum Firmicutes dominated, followed by Proteobacteria. Proteobacteria dominated in all other seasons. Thus, two cultivation-independent methods for determination of seasonal variation patterns at the phylum level were in accordance with each other.

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