ТЕОРЕТИКО-ПСИХОЛОГІЧНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ПОНЯТТЯ «КОГНІТИВНА УСТАНОВКА»

Abstract

Purpose. The aim of the article is to carry out the theoretical analysis of the concept of “cognitive attitude”. The main approaches to understanding the concept of “attitude” by the scientists are considered in the article, they are L. Bozhovych, F. Znanetsky, D. Katz, D. Kelly, D. Myers, I. Myasishchev, G. Allport, M. Rokeach, E. Stotland, W. Thomas, D. Uznadze, M. Fishbein, V. Yadov and others. The analysis of the concept of "cognitive attitude" in the approaches of such scientists as A. Eisen, A. Abun, M. Donald, K. Cherry, S. Hofstede and others.Introduction. The analysis of A. Ellis's rational-emotional approach is made, the meaning of which is that a strong emotional consequence follows an important event, but in fact the emotional consequence arises under the influence of a person's belief system. When this undesirable emotional consequence is such as strong anxiety, anger, etc., its cause can be found in what A. Ellis calls irrational attitudes of human. It is concluded that the emergence of excessive emotions is based on the cognitive errors. In the rational-emotional approach to different categories of cognitive errors it is customary to use the term "irrational judgments" (exaggeration, simplification, unfounded assumptions, erroneous conclusions, absolutization etc.).According to the results of the analysis concluded that the emergence of irrational judgments (attitudes) is often associated with a person’s past, when he/she perceived them in childhood, not yet having the skill to conduct critical analysis at the cognitive level, not being able to refute them at the behavioral level, because he/she was limited and did not face the situations that could refuteor receive some reinforcement from the social environment. It is important fora person to know that irrational attitudes can be changed.Originality.The following concepts are considered in the article: an attitude, the cognitive attitude, the ethical attitude, the transactional analysis, rational and emotional therapy, rational judgments, behavior, emotions.Conclusion. It is concluded that the term "cognitive attitude" should be understood as the thoughts, beliefs, feelings and behavior of a person in relation to a particular subject, person, object or event. It is the tendency to evaluate things according to one’s own perception, ideas or feelings. The cognitive attitudes can contain positive or negative thoughts or feelings about a particular subject, object, person, group, event, etc. That becomes an individual tendency to react favorably or unfavorably to a certain subject, object, event, etc.The cognitive attitudes are the result of the upbringing or influence of cultural values which will influence a person’s behavior later towards a certain subject or object, person or event and so on.