Экспериментальные модели когнитивных нарушений при шизофрении

Abstract

Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia is currently seen as the third core group of symptoms along with negative and positive symptoms. Cognitive impairment is found in the vast majority of patients and determines the functional outcome of the disease. The article offers a review of literature on animal models of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. Pharmacological, developmental, genetic models, their mechanisms and typical manifestations, as well as methods for assessing cognitive functions in rodents are covered. At present, there are many animal models of schizophrenia-related individual cognitive dysfunctions which are necessary for the further development of psychopharmacology and the study of pathophysiological mechanisms, but so far none of them can reproduce the entire complex and heterogeneous structure of the cognitive deficits of patients. Ontogenetic models that can be used to study risk factors for schizophrenia and early interventions in high-risk states for psychosis seem particularly interesting.