Abstract
The cornea is a unique tissue structure which consists mainly of specific collagen characterized by a high degree of organization that, along with the optimal amount of stroma hydration, provides transparency of the cornea, stable supporting properties and physiological refraction. There is a direct connection between the functional state of the visual organ and the morphological transformation of corneal structures, such as the density of keratocytes, endothelial and epithelial cells, the state of extracellular matrix components and collagen plates, the ordering and spatial orientation of collagen fibrils, etc. It should be noted that minor deviations in the morphological status of the cornea are an important sign of a pathological process that can be detected even at the subclinical stage of the disease. The literature review provides basic information about the structure and functional purpose of corneal layers. Key words: cornea, corneal morphology
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