Формування мовного ландшафту міста: соціолінгвістичний аспект

Abstract

The paper is devoted to the problem of forming Christchurch language landscape on the material of hodonyms from city’s foundation up to nowadays taking into consideration the process or renaming city’s line objects. The main periods of forming Cristchurch hodonymics caused by extralingual factors are defined. The source base of mechanism creation is investigated. The thematic groups of hodonyms based on motivation traits are determined. The structural and semantic peculiarities of hodonyms and ways of their creation are analyzed. The study of the extralinguistic factors permits to define four main periods in the city’s development (I – 1848-1906 years; II – 1907-1948 years; III – 1949-1986 years; IV – 1987 year – up nowadays). Taking into consideration the fact that language landscape is closely connected with the historical, social and political changes in the life of Christchurch dwellers and the state as a whole the authors make conclusion that the formation of hodonymy system of Christchurch coincides with the periodisation of city’s history. As the study material shows the system of hodonyms is unstable and changeable (some nominations of line objects exist for more than 140 years without any changes; others live only 2-3 years and change their names; some undergo the process of renaming etc.). As for the renaming process it was the most evident in 1877, 1904, 1922, 1926, 1948, 2013 years. The authors determine the reasons for renaming the line objects which can be of extralinguistic and linguistic character. Each period of hodonymy creating and functioning has its specific features revealing in motivational traits which create the basis of hodonyms. Depending on the motivation traits the thematic groups are defined for each period. It is noted that thе first two are characterized by nominations based on the traits demonstrating New Zealand’ s Britishness; while the last two – with the desire of New Zealand to be independent. It is proved that all hodonyms are created from three sources: from onyms, from appellatives and from both mentioned above. The predominant hodonyms during each period are the first ones. The structural analysis demonstrates that most of the nominations contain a key word denoting a road type and the attribute. The last one consists of 2 or 3 components. The most productive models of attributes are N + N, Adj. + N, Num. + N, PI + N.