러시아어 반수동문의 범위와 분포에 대한 고찰

Abstract

This article explores the scope and distribution of Russian antipassive constructions. An antipassive construction is used to define derived, detransitivized constructions with two-place predicates which are related to corresponding transitive constructions. The specific manifestations of antipassives vary greatly between languages. This article proposes that structural properties, namely the syntactic demotion of Patient and special verb affixes which signal antipassivization, define the sphere of antipassives in Russian. Syntactic demotion of Patient is the transformation of a direct object into an oblique case, or zero form or verbal incorporation, Low affectedness, individuation, and discourse saliency of Patient are assumed to be inherent semantic-discursive properties of antipassives.<BR> According to the structural conditions of antipassives, possessive-reflexive, occasional possessive-reflexive, and absolutive-reflexive verbs with the special suffix -sja are regarded as antipassives. Transitive verbs, which do not take a direct object, are also regarded as antipassives because they syntactically demote direct objects even though they do not have the special verb suffix -sja. Thus, there are some antipassive constructions which express the semantic and discursive properties of antipassives to varying degrees in that they have different distributions depending on the referentiality and animacy of the object and verb semantics.<BR> Thus, it can be said that there is a kind of antipassive field in Russian at the center of which are possessive-reflexive verbs, followed by occasional possessive-reflexive and absolutive-reflexive verbs. The periphery of this field includes transitive verbs which do not take direct objects.