Факторы, влияющие на мировую продовольственную безопасность

Abstract

In the face of increasing global demand for food in the first half of the 21st century, world food security, which is an integral part of the sustainable development of the world, will be threatened, and that will require balancing the production and consumption of food. This trend determines the need to identify the factors affecting world food security. On the basis of a comparative analysis of the food security of the world as a whole and its individual regions, the main factors affecting world food security are identified. It has been revealed that the growth in population size and life expectancy significantly worsens the situation with providing the population with food in the required quantity, since a significant increase in these indicators is observed in Africa, where the standard of living is one of the lowest in the world. It has been reported that the number of hungry people in the world is adversely affected by the volatility of global food prices. At the same time, according to experts, by 2025 prices for agricultural products will fall, which will positively affect world food security. It has been determined that the growth of household incomes in developing countries will lead to a change in the structure of food consumption towards increased consumption of fruits and vegetables, as well as animal products, which will lead to the need for more intensive production of these products and also improving the quality of nutrition in these countries. At the same time, there is a positive decrease in consumer food waste and an increase in the production of aquaculture food. It has been investigated that urbanization and an increase in crop production for biofuel production, as well as climate change, have a negative impact on agricultural development. It has been proven that in order to meet the demand for food products, innovative systems are needed that preserve and strengthen natural resources, while increasing productivity. It has been substantiated that w the cooperation of the world community and international organizations, such as the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the International Food Policy Research Institute, the International Fund for Agricultural Development, is necessary to resolve issues of ensuring world food security. These organizations need to develop strategies for adapting to global changes, including land use and water management, food trading, post-harvest food processing and food pricing schemes.