СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ МЕЖРЕГИОНАЛЬНЫХ МИГРАЦИЙ В РОССИИ

Abstract

The article examines the features of interregional migration of the population in the Russian Federation in the context of socio-economic inequality. Based on data from the Federal State Statistics Service for Migration Registration at the place of residence, which is carried out by the internal affairs bodies on the basis of the facts of registration and removal from migration registration of Russian and foreign citizens. Based on the data on migration gain (loss), two performance zones in the country have been identified. The first is the zone of migration outflow, which includes the regions of the eastern part of the country, including Siberia and the Far East, the European and Asian North, the Urals, the Volga region and a significant part of Central Russia (except for the capital cities and several regions). The second zone is represented by islands of relative migratory well-being, which have a migration gain (Moscow, Krasnodar Territory, St. Petersburg, Leningrad Region, Kaliningrad and some others). The concept of regions-attractors, that is, territories of steadily receiving migrants over a long period of time, is proposed. The most significant region-attractor in Russia is the Moscow agglomeration. The study shows that in the overwhelming majority of regions of Russia, during the interregional exchange of migrants, the overwhelming majority of those who leave are sent to the Moscow capital region. In fact, the Moscow region has become a magnet of an all-Russian scale for most of the country's territories, not only losing pure population, but also for the regions — regional attractors. Migration decline in population leads to negative socio-economic and demographic consequences for the regions of Russia. First of all, the age structure of the population is aging due to the migration outflow of young people. Irreversible migration losses also have a negative socio-economic dimension, hinder economic develop-ment, “wash out” labor resources from the labor market, primarily qualified and highly qualified. Russian regions that are losing population in general and young people in particular are deprived of not only human capital, but also intellectual resources, and also lose progressive energy and social optimism for their development. This, in its own way, hinders the socio-economic development of the territory.