Генетическая типология кредита как экономического явления

Abstract

Credit is a highly complex systemic object. It has served economic relations for a long period; in its evolution it objectively changes and becomes more complicated, which is why modern credit science faces the problems of orderly description and explanation of many loans that are heterogeneous in composition. The object of the study is credit as an economic phenomenon. The aim is to develop a genetic typology of credit. The research hypothesis is that the types of credit can be systematized depending on their occurrence in the evolution of credit from simple to more complex. The research methods are: analysis of scientific literature, systematization, generalization of information, and the categorical method “Several Information Criteria”. The results of the research are the following: (a) elementary types of credit (funded, normalized, diversified, restructured, refinanced, securitized and digitalized) were identified; (b) the evolutionary sequence of their occurrence and development was made; (c) a genetic typology of credit reflecting the diversity of its types and the evolutionary sequence of the development of this diversity was made. The conclusions of the research are the following: (1) in different circumstances and in different environments, elementary types (funded, normalized, diversified, restructured, refinanced, securitized and digitalized) are identified in credit; (2) the emergence of new types of credit naturally leads to the complication of its organization; (3) the development of credit occurs due to the emergence of new types that arise in response to a change in the environment. The acquired knowledge expands the scientific understanding of credit and its evolutionarily determined type diversity, and makes it possible to predict the emergence of new types of credit. The results obtained allow studying how credit functions. In practice, the results can be used both by banks to develop their own credit policy, and by the state in the monetary policy implemented by the Central Bank.