Abstract
염류장애에 의한 작물의 생육저해 원인을 밝혀내기 위하여 상추를 대조양액과 대조양액에 30 mM 및 50 mM <TEX>$KNO_3$</TEX>를 첨가하여 염류농도를 높인 양액 등 3가지 조건에서 재배하였으며, 이때 이들 양액의 EC는 각각 1.0, 4.5, 6.5 dS/m 이었다. 뿌리세포의 원형질막 및 액포막에 위치한 <TEX>$H^+$</TEX>-ATPase 활성은 각각에 특이적 저해제인 vanadate와 <TEX>$NO_3^-$</TEX>를 이용하여 측정하였다. 대조양액에서 재배한 상추 뿌리의 ATPase 활성은 <TEX>$356\pm1.5$</TEX> nmol/min/mg protein이었으며, 30 mM과 50 mM <TEX>$KNO_3$</TEX>를 첨가한 양액에서는 활성이 대조활성에 비하여 각각 1.6배, 1.9배 증가하였다. 이것은 상추가 염류장애시 뿌리조직의 ATPase 활성증가를 통하여 적응함을 보여주는 것이며, 활성증가는 주로 액포막 <TEX>$H^+$</TEX>-ATPase 활성증가에 의해 이루어짐을 확인하였다. 마이크로솜 ATPase 활성에 미치는 여러 가지 중금속 이온들의 효과를 측정하였으며, 중금속 이온은 100 <TEX>${\mu}M$</TEX> 농도에서 콩류에 따라 활성을 10<TEX>$\sim$</TEX>25% 저해하였다. 특히, <TEX>$Cu^{2+}$</TEX>는 주로 액포막 <TEX>$H^+$</TEX>-ATPase 활성을 저해함을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과로부터 상추는 염류집적 환경에서 뿌리의 ATPase 활성, 특히 액포막에 위치한 <TEX>$H^+$</TEX>-ATPase 활성을 증가시켜 적응하며, <TEX>$Cu^{2+}$</TEX>는 주로 액포막 <TEX>$H^+$</TEX>-ATPase 활성을 저해하는 성분으로 뿌리의 ATPase 활성변화 연구에 유용하게 이용될 수 있음을 확인하였다. In order to investigate the mechanism of growth inhibition by salt stress, lettuces were grown hydroponically in three different nutrient solutions, normal and 30 mM or 50 mM <TEX>$KNO_3$</TEX>-added nutrient solutions, and the electrical conductivities of these solutions were 1.0, 4.5, and 6.5 dS/m, respectively. The activities of plasma and vacuolar <TEX>$H^+$</TEX>-ATPases in the root tissue of lettuce were measured by specific inhibitors, 100 <TEX>${\mu}M$</TEX> vanadate and 50 mM <TEX>$NO_3^-$</TEX>, respectively. Microsomal ATPase activity of lettuce grown in the normal nutrient solution was <TEX>$356\pm1.5$</TEX> nmol/min/mg protein. When lettuces were grown in 30 mM and 50 mM <TEX>$KNO_3$</TEX>-added nutrient solutions, total activities of microsomal ATPases were increased by 1.6 and 1.9 times, respectively, and the increases were mainly mediated by vacuolar <TEX>$H^+$</TEX>-ATPase. These results show that lettuces adapt themselves to salt-stressed condition by increasing the activities of <TEX>$H^+$</TEX>-ATPases. Effects of various heavy metal ions were investigated on the microsomal ATPases and various metal ions at 100 <TEX>$\mu M$</TEX> inhibited the activities by 10<TEX>$\sim$</TEX>25%. <TEX>$Cu^{2+}$</TEX> showed the highest inhibitory effect on the vacuolar <TEX>$H^+$</TEX>-ATPase. These results suggest that lettuce increases the activities of root ATPases, specially that of vacuolar <TEX>$H^+$</TEX>-ATPase, in salt-stressed growth conditions and <TEX>$Cu^{2+}$</TEX> could be a useful tool to control the activity of vacuolar <TEX>$H^+$</TEX>-ATPase.
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